Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) - Cause of Death 6 (Ischemic Heart Disease - Multidrug-resistant HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis and drug-sensitive HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis)

Ischemic Heart Disease

• Age sex splitting
• CodCorrect
• CODEm
• Garbage code redistribution
• ICD mapping
• Noise reduction
• Standardize input data

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Ischemic Stroke

• Age sex splitting
• CodCorrect
• CODEm
• Garbage code redistribution
• ICD mapping
• Noise reduction
• Standardize input data

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Lower respiratory infections

• LRI mortality
  • Standardize input data
  • ICD mapping
  • Age-sex splitting
  • Garbage code redistribution
  • Noise reduction
  • CODEM
  • Correct miscoding of Alzheimer's and other dementias, and Parkinson's
  • CodCorrect
  • DisMod MR to estimate proportion of severe LRI
  • Calculate PAF using odds of LRI given detection of etiology
  • Adjust vaccine efficacy for difference in pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease
  • Apply etiology specific cause fractions to LRI mortality estimates
• LRI etiology
  • Correction for differential case fatality
  • Calculate Hib attributable fraction
  • Calculate pneumococcal attributable fraction among RCT and before-after studies and adjusting for Hib PAF
  • Adjust for country-level vaccine coverage

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Malaria

• Case fatality rate mixed effects regression
• CodCorrect
• Garbage code redistribution
• ICD Mapping
• Negative binomial model
• CODEm

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Maternal disorders

• Age sex splitting
• Etiology & Timing Splits
• Calculation of etiology proportions
• CodCorrect
• CODEm
• DisMod models
• Etiology splits
• Garbage code redistribution
• HIV Correction of CoD data
• ICD Mapping
• Late maternal death adjustment
• Noise reduction
• PAF of maternal to HIV\AIDS
• RR of AIDS death
• RR of death in pregnancy
• Standardize Input Data

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Measles

• Age-sex splitting
• Garbage code redistribution
• Noise reduction
• CoDCorrect
• CODEm models (data-rich countries only)
• Deaths = cases * CFR
• Age-sex splitting (based on cause of death data)
• Combine CODEm deaths from data-rich countries and natural history model deaths from remaining countries
• Standardize input data
• Mixed-effects negative binomial regression

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Meningitis

• Cause of death estimation
  • Age sex splitting
  • CodCorrect
  • CODEm
  • Garbage code redistribution
  • ICD Mapping
  • Noise reduction
  • Standardize Input Data
• Etiology fraction estimations
  • MR-BRT regression of CFR by etiology
  • Incidence x CFR = deaths (unscaled)
  • Scale etiology-specific deaths to sum to CodCorrect deaths
  • Compute mortality proportions (etiology-specific deaths/CodCorrect deaths)

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Motor Neuron Disease

• Age sex splitting
• CodCorrect
• CODEm
• Garbage code redistribution
• ICD mapping
• Noise reduction
• Standardize input data

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Multidrug-resistant HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis and drug-sensitive HIV\AIDS-tuberculosis

• Calculate fractions of HIV-TB deaths among all TB deaths
• Mixed effects regression to predict proportions of HIV-TB among all TB cases
• Compute relative risks by location\year and a median relative risk of TB deaths among HIV positive individuals
• Predict fraction of HIV-TB deaths for all locations and years
• HIV-TB deaths=(fraction \(1- fraction))* TB no-HIV deaths
• Age-split HIV-TB deaths
• Apply a cap of 45% on the fraction of HIV-TB deaths among HIV deaths
• Calculate proportions of MDR-TB in HIV-TB cases
• Meta-analysis (RR of mortality in MDR-TB cases)
• Calculate fractions of MDR-TB deaths in HIV-TB deaths
• Apply fractions of MDR-TB deaths to HIV-TB deaths
• Meta-analysis (RR of mortality in XDR-TB cases)
• Calculate super-region level proportions of XDR- TB in MDR-TB cases
• Calculate fractions of XDR-TB deaths in MDR-TB deaths
• Apply fractions of XDR-TB deaths
• Subtract MDR-HIV-TB deaths from all HIV-TB deaths
• Subtract XDR-HIV-TB deaths from MDR-HIV-TB deaths

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