Global Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance Burden Estimates 2019

Researchers at IHME and the University of Oxford produced estimates of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) associated with and attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 88 pathogen-drug combinations for 21 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) regions and 7 super-regions in 2019. A variety of data were gathered to inform these estimates, including multiple cause of death data, hospital discharges, minimally invasive tissue sampling, systematic literature reviews, and microbiology lab results from hospitals and national and multi-national surveillance systems, with a total of 471 million individual records or isolates and 7,585 study-location-years collected. These data informed 8 modelling components which were then combined with results from GBD 2019 to estimate the burden of AMR. Estimates were produced for two counterfactual scenarios: no infection and drug-susceptible infection.