Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) - Nonfatal Health Outcomes 2 (Anemia - Cataract)

Anemia

• Ensemble Weighting
  • MoM distribution fits for all single distributions, calculate prediction errors of mild, moderate, and severe anemia weighted by disability weight, and generate final ensemble weights
• Data Prep
  • Age- and sex-split data and crosswalk on pregnancy status
  • Make normal hemoglobin and custom covariates for modeling
• ST-GPR modeling
  • ST-GPR models of mean and standard deviation of hemoglobin
• Envelope ensemble modeling
  • Use mean and standard deviation estimates and ensemble weights to generate hemoglobin distribution for every location/year/age/sex
  • Use WHO thresholds, mean hemoglobin, and distributions to estimate anemia prevalence
    (area-under-curve) by severity
• YLD estimation
  • Comorbidity Correction (COMO)

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Anemia Causal Attribution

• Subtract clinical malaria from parasitemia model to get exclusive outputs
• Save new malaria models
• Causal Attribution for mild, moderate, and severe anemia for each input based on the envelope
• Files reformatted and uncertainty added to draws
• Save anemia causal attribution results
• Post-processing to create proportions for HIV/PUD/etc.
• Uploading post-processing proportions
• Compile "normal" hemoglobin level for every demographic
• Generate TMREL draws for iron deficiency, upload draws
• Launch/Interpolate PAFs for iron deficiency

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Anorexia nervosa

• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1

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Anxiety disorders

• Age-sex splitting
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• MR-BRT Bias Correction Analysis for Alternative Case Defintion / Method
• Dismod-MR 2.1
• Mapping EQ5D to SF12
• Mapping SF-12 to GBD disability weight
• Regression to estimate disability weights by cause in survey respondents controlling for comorbidity

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Appendicitis

• Adjustment from primary code to all code for both inpatient and outpatient encounters based on claims data
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• DisMod-MR 2.1
• Model excess mortality in MR-BRT
• MR-BRT bias correction analysis for altenrative case definition/method

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Ascariasis

• Dismod-MR 2.1
• Prepare data for ST-GPR
• ST-GPR
• Compute age-specific ratios; apply ratio to ST-GPR output
• Apply health state proportions to overall ascariasis envelope
• Compute proportion of cases that belong to health states
• Estimate prevalence of asymptomatic ascarasis
• YLD Calculation

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Asthma

• Age sex splitting
• Computing excess mortality
• DisMod-MR 2.1
• Severity splits
• Claims data 2000, other claims data
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)

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Atopic dermatitis

• Format codes, Map to modeling causes
• Convert claims to prevalent cases, Apply age and sex restrictions, Aggregate and apply population denominator
• DisMod MR 2.1
• Severity splits
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)

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Atrial fibrillation & flutter

• 1. CODEm
  • Age-sex splitting
  • CODEm
  • Garbage code redistribution
  • ICD Mapping
  • Noise reduction
  • Standardize input data
• 2. DisMod-MR 2.1
  • Adjustment from primary code to all code based on claims data
  • Age-sex splitting, bias adjustment
  • Dismod-MR 2.1
• 3. Excess Mortality Rate Calculation
  • Calculate EMR = CSMR\prevalence
  • Mixed effects regression
  • Select countries
• 4. DisMod-MR 2.1
  • Dismod-MR 2.1
  • COMO

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Attention-deficit\hyperactivity disorder

• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• Calculation of proportion of time spent symptomatic vs asymptomatic
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1
• Severity splits

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Autism spectrum disorders

• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• MR-BRT Bias Correction Analysis for Alternative Case Defintion / Method
• Meta-analysis of proportion of ASD with no, borderline,mild, moderate, and profound intellectual disability
• Severity splits
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1

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Benign and in situ neoplasms (intestinal; cervical and uterine; other)

• Dismod-MR 2.1

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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

• Adjustment from primary code to all code for both inpatient and outpatient encounters based on claims data
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1
• Meta-analysis
• MR-BRT bias correction analysis for altenrative case definition/method
• Severity splits

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Bipolar disorder

• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• MR-BRT Bias Correction Analysis for Alternative Case Defintion / Method
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1
• Meta-analysis of % depressive, manic, residual bipolar disorder
• Severity splits

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Bulimia nervosa

• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Dismod-MR 2.1

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Cannabis dependence

• Age-sex splitting
• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• Conversion of 'any' cannabis use data points into regular cannabis use data points
• DisMod-MR 2.1
• Mapping of EQ5D to SF-12
• Mapping to SF-12 GBD disability weight
• Regression to estimate disability weights by cause in survey respondents controlling for comorbidity

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Cataract

• Comorbidity correction (COMO)
• MR-BRT Sex Ratio Analysis
• DisMod-MR 2.1
• Age pattern analysis
• Age-sex splitting
• MR-BRT bias correction analysis for Alternative Case Defintion / Method
• Split into moderate and severe vision loss
• Squeeze into severity-specific vision loss envelope

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