Censuses provide population numbers, household or family size and composition, and information on sex and age distribution. They often include other demographic, economic, and health-related topics as well.

The Bulgaria 2011 census, conducted in February of that year, is the first conducted by the country as a European Union member state. The census employed two data collection methods: an electronic portion conducted via the internet, and a traditional paper-based portion. Topics covered  include population, dwellings, and buildings.