Researchers at IHME and the University of Oxford produced estimates of the burden associated with all-cause meningitis and 10 aetiologies for 204 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) countries between 1990 and 2019. Meningitis mortality was informed by vital registration, verbal autopsy, sample-based vital registration, and mortality surveillance data. Meningitis morbidity was informed by data from published literature identified by a systematic review, as well as surveillance data, inpatient hospital admissions, health insurance claims, and cause-specific meningitis mortality estimates. Pathogen distributions were informed by data from multiple cause of death, vital registration, hospital discharge, and microbiological laboratory databases, and literature studies.