The Malawi Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA 2020-2021) was a household-based national survey among adults (defined as those aged 15 years and older) to measure the impact of the national HIV response. Conducted from January 2020 through April 2021 (with a pause from April 2020 until March 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), MPHIA 2020-2021 offered HIV counseling and testing with return of results and collected information about uptake of HIV care and treatment services. Of 13,958 eligible households, 91.6% completed a household interview. Among 30,049 eligible adults (16,745 women and 13,304 men), 22,662 (13,067 women and 9,595 men) were interviewed and tested for HIV. The overall response rate for adults was 69.1%: 71.5% for women and 66.1% for men.