This dataset contains 674 rows of mpox occurrences extracted from 83 sources published between 1972 and 2019. Both animal and human occurrences were extracted; human occurrences were additionally classified as one of the following: index, unspecified, import, or secondary. All occurrences of mpox, both animal and human, were geo-located to the highest resolution possible (up to 5x5 km when possible). Extractors paid special attention to instances of spillover (i.e., when a human becomes infected from an animal). Therefore, all human occurrences classified as ‘index’ are assigned their own rows. Other human occurrences (unspecified, import, secondary) and animal occurrences are collapsed to one row in the dataset where all metadata are identical.