The International Society of Nephrology's Kidney Disease Data Center (ISN-KDDC) conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult cohorts from 12 low- and middle-income countries. Nearly all cohorts were part of the ISN program on Detection and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries (KHDC), which involved a standardized data collection template and included self-reported information on sociodemographics, tobacco and alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and medical history. Participants' blood pressure was also measured, and blood and urine samples were collected.