India's National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) carried out a diet and nutrition assessment survey in rural communities in nine states in 2004-2006. The survey adopted the sample frame used for the household consumer expenditure survey that was part of the 54th round of the National Sample Survey (NSS) conducted in 1998.

In addition to diet and nutrition, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were assessed. Sociodemographic information and anthropometric measurements were collected and clinical examinations performed on a total of 51,700 individuals from 14,256 households. Data on food and nutrient intake, along with blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and hemoglobin levels were collected from a subset of the sampled population.